INTEGRITY OPERATING WINDOW IOW can be understood by using a simple example of milk kept for boiling in a pot on a stove. The definition as per API 584 is   "established limits for process variables (parameters) that can affect the integrity of the equipment  if the process operation deviates from the established limits for a predetermined length of time” What are the important words here?    established limits  process variables  affect the integrity of the equipment process operation deviates predetermined length of time In the above example, let us keep the time as 1 hour. Now there are two critical variables here- Temperature  What is the IOW for temperature? Answer: The melting point of milk is 92 degrees C. That is the optimum level. For 1 hour, if temperature is below 40 degrees C, it may not boil at all. If the temperature is  above 120 degrees C, it may condense. So, the IOW = 40 - 120 degrees C Vessel dimension = volume of milk is 1 ltr What is the IOW for vessel? Answer: