Important terms in API certifications - CRV & IOW - III

INTEGRITY OPERATING WINDOW

IOW can be understood by using a simple example of milk kept for boiling in a pot on a stove.

The definition as per API 584 is

"established limits for process variables (parameters) that can affect the integrity of the equipment

if the process operation deviates from the established limits for a predetermined length of time”

What are the important words here?

established limits
process variables
affect the integrity of the equipment
process operation deviates
predetermined length of time

In the above example, let us keep the time as 1 hour.

Now there are two critical variables here-

Temperature

What is the IOW for temperature?

Answer:

The melting point of milk is 92 degrees C. That is the optimum level.

For 1 hour, if temperature is below 40 degrees C, it may not boil at all.

If the temperature is above 120 degrees C, it may condense.

So, the IOW = 40 - 120 degrees C

Vessel dimension = volume of milk is 1 ltr

What is the IOW for vessel?

Answer:

Vessel volume = 1 ltr, milk will spill over.

Vessel volume = 1.5 ltr, milk will boil, and may not overflow.

Vessel volume = 3 ltr, milk will fit and not overflow.

So, the IOW = 1.5 - 3 ltr

Thus, the IOW tells us what the range is for the safest and cost-effective process.

WATCH THE VIDEO HERE

For previous parts, click here -

Part 1

Part 2

https://corrospective.com/

😀Happy learning!😀

Comments

Corrosion in fertilizer industry - 1.2 Elemental sulphur attack

WATCH THE VIDEO HERE OR READ ON BELOW! Elemental sulphur attack is NOT sulphidation or hydrogen sulphide corrosion. It is an aqueous corrosion phenomenon. It considers two modes - acidification of sulphur - formation of sulphuric acid 2. direct cathodic reduction of sulphur with anodic dissolution of iron The lowering of pH is the main source of corrosion in both the methods. The phenomenon is temperature dependent. It increases with increase in temperature and becomes particularly severe above the melting point of sulphur (~112.8 degree Celsius). Hydrogen sulphide present in the petroleum may aggravate the sulphur attack by enhancing uniform pitting corrosion. Monoethylene glycol is used to prevent condensate formation ans may be present in traces in the feedstock petroleum. This enhances the sulphur attack in the form of uniform corrosion, and crevice corrosion. References: Fang, Haitao, Brown, Bruce, Young, David, and Srdjan Nešic. "Investigation Of Elemental Sulfur Cor

What is a Corrosion Loop - PART 1 - CONCEPT

Corrosion loop is used to simplify inspection procedures in refining processes. Corrosion loop is defined as a group of components with common materials, processes, and operating parameters. Source: Rachman, A. and Ratnayake, R.M.C. (2020), "Corrosion loop development of oil and gas piping system based on machine learning and group technology method", Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, Vol. 26 No. 3, pp. 349-368. https://doi.org/10.1108/JQME-07-2018-0058 It is needed when the scenario has - 1. Complex process 2. Several variables such a materials of construction, process parameters, functions 3. Multiple damage mechanisms WATCH THE VIDEO FOR A DETAILED EXPLANATION - Click here for part 2 ! https://corrospective.com/ 😀Happy learning! 😀

Corrosion in daily life - Steel frames on a balcony

Corrosion in daily life - Steel frames Looking at LinkedIn, corrosion may feel like an extremely intricate issue seen in large industries. However, looking around, we can see corrosion everywhere! Where was this photo taken? The photo above is of a steel frame attached to a balcony. The part shown here is the bottom part of the frame. The coatings for such steel parts usually serve the purpose of moderate corrosion protection and more of aesthetics. If you observe, the thickness of the coatings also does not seem to be a lot. Why did the coating degrade? When it rains, the rainwater collects on the bottom of the frames. This degrades the coating. At the places where it is not perfect anyway, the underlying steel is free to corrode. Most importantly, corrosion is more severe at the edges. It is severe enough to chip off the material entirely. That point is a prime site for crack formation and breaking of the frame. Have you seen such corrosion in your balcony frame? Let me

Search This Blog